Brigadier General, USAF, Ret.; Bachelor of Science degree, U.S. Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado, 1981; Doctor of Medicine degree, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1985; Aerospace Medicine Primary Course, USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks AFB, Texas, 1988; Air War College, by correspondence, 2000; semi finalist in NASA group 14 and 15 selections; was physician to the president of the United States (George W. Bush) and director of the White House Medical Unit.