Bachelor of science from the U.S. Naval Academy, 1954; master of science in electrical engineering, USAF Institute of Technology, 1960; master of science in public administration from the George Washington University, Washington, D.C., 1965; honorary doctorate in engineering from Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Air Command and Staff College, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama, 1965; Aerospace Research Pilot School, Edward’s Air Force Base, California, 1966; Industrial College of the Armed Forces, Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C., 1971; General, USAF. Ret. in 1990; selected 1967 for MOL-3; from 1985 - 1987 Chief of USAF Space Command; 1987 - 1990 vice chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, Washington, D.C.; later Chairman USAA (until 05.10.2002).