Bachelor of arts in mathematics, 1947, and master of arts in astronomy, 1948, both from the University of Virginia; Ph.D. in astronomy from the University of Michigan, 1954; he served in different observatories; later Senior Scientist in the Space Physics Branch, Space and Life Sciences, NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center; he died of high altitude pulmonary edema while attempting to summit the north face of Mount Everest in Tibet, China; hobbies: Home computers, stamp collecting, astronomy, racquetball, baseball, skin diving, mountain climbing.